Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL) is the remaining classification and measurement application (the others ‘amortised costs’ and ‘fair value through other comprehensive income’ are strictly defined), if the business model is not that of ‘hold to collect’ or ‘hold to collect and sell’ or the SPPI test is not passed, the financial asset is accounted for at FVPL.
Fair value through profit or loss means that at each balance sheet date the financial asset is re-measured to fair value and any movement from balance sheet date to balance sheet date in that fair value is taken directly to profit or loss in the income statement.