12-month expected credit losses

The portion of lifetime expected credit losses that represent the expected credit losses that result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date.

IFRS 17 Financial guarantee contract

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Financial guarantee contract – IFRS 17 Definition: A contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments, to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contract

Further explanation Financial guFinancial guarantee contractarantee contract

These contracts meet the definition of an insurance contract. Financial guarantee contract

They are, however, outside the scope of IFRS 17, unless the issuer has previously asserted explicitly that it regards such contracts as insurance contracts and has used the accounting guidance applicable to insurance contracts. For such contracts, the issuer can choose to apply either IFRS 17 … Read more

Setting the scene the Expected Credit Losses model

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Setting the scene the Expected Credit Losses model, start here to get a good understanding of ECL loss allowances or continue, you decide……

The Expected Credit Losses model (ECL) should be applied to:Setting the scene: the Expected Credit Losses model

  • investments in debt instruments measured at amortized cost;
  • investments in debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI);
  • all loan commitments not measured at fair value through profit or loss;
  • financial guarantee contracts to which IFRS 9 is applied and that are not accounted for at fair value through profit or loss; and
  • lease receivables that are within the scope of IFRS 16 Leases, and trade receivables or contract assets within the scope of IFRS 15 that give
… Read more

Curing of a credit-impaired financial asset

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Curing of a credit-impaired financial asset presents the explanation of what a credit-impaired financial asset is, how to account for a credit-impaired asset as long as it is credit-impaired and how to account for a credit-impaired asset that is no longer credit-impaired (i.e. curing of a credit-impaired financial asset which means the borrower has, for example, restructured its business and cash flow recovered sufficiently to return paying all interest and principal as per the original contract). Curing of a credit-impaired financial asset

Credit-impaired assets

A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is … Read more

Low credit risk

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Low credit risk, in the context of IFRS 9, is an indicator assigned to financial instruments deemed to

  • have low default risk, that is a low likelihood of any credit event
  • the borrower has a strong capacity to meet contractual cash flow obligations both in the near term.

It is an important and practical definition in IFRS 9 to minimise the accounting for impairments on financial assets for all IFRS reporting entities.

The instrument must be considered to have lower credit risk from a market participant’s perspective. For low risk credit instruments, it is assumed that credit risk has not increased significantly at each reporting date. This means that only 12 month expected credit losses will be … Read more

Simplified approach Lifetime expected credit losses

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Next to recording loss allowances based on expected credit losses under the ‘general approach’  IFRS 9 has also made it possible to use a Simplified approach Lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables, contract assets and lease receivables.

Under the “expected credit loss” model, an entity calculates the allowance for credit losses by considering on a discounted basis the cash shortfalls it would incur in various default scenarios for prescribed future periods and multiplying the shortfalls by the probability of each scenario occurring. The allowance is the sum of these probability weighted outcomes. Because every loan and receivable carries with it some risk of default, every such asset has an expected loss attached to … Read more

Summary impairment of financial assets

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Summary impairment of financial assets is the centre text to quickly understand all IFRS aspects to recording loss allowances, when, how much, how often?

Impairment requirements

The impairment requirements are applied to: Summary impairment of financial assets

  • Financial assets measured at amortised cost (originated, purchased, reclassified or modified debt instruments incl. trade receivables),
  • Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income,
  • Loan commitments except those measured at fair value through profit or loss,
  • Financial guarantees contracts except those measured at fair value through profit or loss,
  • Lease receivables.

Impairment model

The impairment model follows a three-stage approach based on changes in expected credit losses of a financial instrument that determine:

  • The recognition of impairment, and
… Read more

Property development intercompany finances

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Property development intercompany finances Interest bearing term loan

Senior interest-bearing bank term debt

THE CASE

Parent C operates in the UK real estate sector and purchases land for development into residential units for public sale. Each potential development proposal is supported by a detailed business case which includes a due diligence report in respect of the expected Gross Development Costs (GDC) as well as an independent third party valuation of the Gross Development Value (GDV) of the completed site both of which are undertaken in order to secure bank financing. Management assesses each proposal in accordance with a number of key investment criteria, including for example, the minimum yield required on each development.

Once the proposal has … Read more

Equity investments at FVOCI

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Equity investments at FVOCI – IFRS 9 requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value. The default approach is for all changes in fair value to be recognised in profit or loss.

However, for equity investments that are neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination, entities can make an irrevocable election at initial recognition to classify the instruments as at FVOCI, with all subsequent changes in fair value being recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI). This election is available for each separate investment. Equity investments at FVOCI

Under this new FVOCI category, fair value changes are recognised in OCI while dividends are recognised in profit or loss … Read more

Debt instruments at FVOCI

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Debt instruments at FVOCI – A debt instrument is classified as subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) under IFRS 9 if it meets both of the following criteria:

  • Hold to collect and sell business model test: The asset is held withiSeries provision of distinct goods or servicesn a business model whose objective is achieved by both holding the financial asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and selling the financial asset; and
  • SPPI contractual cash flow characteristics test: The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

This business model typically involves greater frequency and volume of sales … Read more

The ECL requirements

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The ECL requirements (Expected Credit Losses)  in IFRS 9 makes the initial selection of bonds for fixed income investments by financial institutions much more important, as selecting bonds with good long-term credit health is key to reducing the risk of future P&L fluctuations caused by changes in ECL. This is especially important for insurers that would like to adopt a buy-and maintain bond investment strategy. The ECL requirements

In an ideal world, the best action is to sell the bond prior to the start of its credit quality decline. Such early action will avoid P&L volatility due to the subsequent increase in ECL.

However, in practice, a bond may only come into focus after its … Read more