1 Best Complete Read – Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments is a summary of the current (Financial Statements preparation for 2020 on wards) IFRS reporting requirements relating to the combination of IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation, IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosure and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, into one overall narrative.

IFRS standards for Financial Instruments have a complicated history. It was originally intended that IFRS 9 would replace IAS 39 in its entirety. However, in response to requests from interested parties that the accounting for financial instruments be improved quickly, the project to replace IAS 39 was divided into three main phases.

The three main phases of the project to replace IAS 39 were:

Phase 1: classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities.
Phase

Best short read – IFRS 9 Basis adjustment

Basis adjustment

is used in hedge accounting and is the adjustment on an individual asset basis of the hedged item or portfolio basis of hedged items using a systemic and rational method for changes in business risks (for example interest rate risk, foreign currency risk) occurring throughout the hedging relationship’s life. The name comes from the fact that the (measurement) basis of the hedged item is always amortised costs

Basis adjustments are accounted for in the same manner as other components of the amortized cost basis of the hedged item. Partial dedesignation is permitted when expectations about the last of layer have changes such that the remaining amount is expected to be outstanding at the end of the hedging relationship is less than the hedged item. Partial dedesignation is required for the amount no longer expected to be outstanding. The basis adjustment associated with the amount of the hedged item dedesignated is allocated to all remaining assets in the closed portfolio using a systemic and rational method.

When the last layer is breached, full dedesignation is required. An entity would recognize a portion of the basis adjustment immediately on profit or loss. The remaining outstanding basis adjustment would be allocated to all remaining individual assets in the closed portfolio using a systemic and rational method.

IFRS 9 Eligible Hedged items

the insured items of business risk exposures

Although the popular definition of hedging is an investment taken out to limit the risk of another investment, insurance is an example of a real-world hedge.

Every entity is exposed to business risks from its daily operations. Many of those risks have an impact on the cash flows or the value of assets and liabilities, and therefore, ultimately affect profit or loss. In order to manage these risk exposures, companies often enter into derivative contracts (or, less commonly, other financial instruments) to hedge them. Hedging can, therefore, be seen as a risk management activity in order to change an entity’s risk profile.

The idea of hedge accounting is to reduce (insure) this mismatch by changing either the measurement or (in the case of certain firm commitments) recognition of the hedged exposure, or the accounting for the hedging instrument.

The definition of a Hedged item

A hedged item is an asset, liability, firm commitment, highly probable forecast transaction or net investment in a foreign operation that

exposes the entity to risk of changes in fair value or future cash flows and
is designated as being hedged

The hedge item can be:

a single item, or
a group of items (provided the specific requirements are met).

Only assets, liabilities, firm commitments and forecast transactions with an external party qualify for hedge accounting. As an exception, a hedge of the foreign currency risk of an intragroup monetary item qualifies for hedge accounting if that foreign currency risk affects consolidated profit or loss. In addition, the foreign currency risk of a highly probable forecast intragroup transaction would also qualify as a hedged item if that transaction affects consolidated profit or loss. These requirements are unchanged from IAS 39.

IFRS 5 Non-current assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

at a glance – here it is the ultimate summary:

IFRS 5

Source: https://www.bdo.global/en-gb/services/audit-assurance/ifrs/ifrs-at-a-glance

Definitions
Cash-generating unit – The smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets.	Discontinued operation – A component of an entity that either has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and either: Represents a separate major line of business or geographical area Is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations Is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.
SCOPE Applies to all

IFRS 7 Other price risks Step-by-step

IFRS 7 Other price risks Step-by-step – Other price risks is part of the risk disclosures requirements under IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. Other price risks is part of market risk (the other main market risk categories being currency risk and interest rate risk) and is defined as the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices (other than those arising from interest rate risk or currency risk), whether those changes are caused by factors specific to the individual financial instrument or its issuer or by factors affecting all similar financial instruments traded in the market. IFRS 7 Other price risks Step-by-step

Management should disclose information … Read more

A closer look at IFRS 15 the new revenue model

A closer look at IFRS 15 the new revenue model – IFRS 15 establishes principles that an entity shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer. A closer look at IFRS 15 the new revenue model

The revenue model applies to all contracts with customers except leases, insurance contracts, financial instruments, guarantees and certain non-monetary exchanges. The sale of non-monetary financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, real estate or intangible assets will also be subject to some of the requirements of IFRS 15.

A contract with a customer may be partially within the scope of IFRS … Read more

1 Fine Read – Measurement of Building held for sale

Measurement of Building held for sale

This is a case for the measurement of building held for sale under IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.

The case

Pinch plc owns a building which it has used for many years as a factory. On 1 January 2012 the building had a carrying value of €15m with an estimated useful economic life of 15 years. Pinch uses the cost model under IAS 16 to account for buildings.

On 1 April 2012 Pinch plc commenced operations in a new building, and the old one was placed on the market as it was no longer being used. The estimated proceeds of sale were €13 million, less selling costs of … Read more

1 Fine Action 2 Best Read – Plan to sell a factory Highly probable?

Plan to sell a factory Highly probable explores the meaning of highly probable in accounting for IFRS 5 through a clear case.

The case

An entity is committed to a plan to sell a factory. The production cycle is six months and pollutants are involved. The company must meet its existing orders. Dismantling the equipment and cleaning up the pollution will put the facility out of action for six months. Does the factory meet the criterion of ‘availability for immediate sale’?

No. The fact that several months must be spent fulfilling existing orders and then dismantling and cleaning the factory means that it is not available for immediate sale in its present condition. Therefore, the factory cannot be classified … Read more

Technology reseller arrangements

IFRS 15 also changed practice for entities that sell their products through distributors or resellers (collectively referred to in this section as resellers). It is common in the technology industry for entities to provide resellers with greater rights than end-customers. For example, an entity may provide a reseller with price protection and extended rights of return.

Under IFRS 15, entities will need to first evaluate when control of the product transfers to the end-customer. To do this, first, entities may need to assess whether their contracts with resellers are consignment arrangements, under which control likely would not transfer until delivery to the end-customer (see Consignment arrangements). The standard provides three indicators that an arrangement is a … Read more

Net investment hedge

The net investment hedge is one of three hedges defined in IFRS 9, the others are the fair value hedge and the cash flow hedge, in use for FX operations inv.

Basis adjustment

IFRS 9 Eligible Hedged items

The definition of a Hedged item

IFRS 5 Non-current assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

at a glance – here it is the ultimate summary:

Measurement of Building held for sale

The case

The case

Technology reseller arrangements

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