Identifiable intangible assets

Capitalisation of expenditure – 1 Complete answer

Capitalisation of expenditure

Capitalisation of expenditure is only possible when one of the following situations occur:

  • Capital expenditure (including equipment repairs and maintenance)
  • Recording lease contracts – Right-of-Use Assets
  • Capitalisation of borrowing costs
  • Capitalisation of cloud computing costs
  • Capitalisation of intangible assets
  • Capitalisation of internally capitalized intangible assets
  • Research & development costs
  • Prepaid expenses

Capital expenditure (including equipment repairs and maintenance)

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment under IAS 16 Property, plant and equipment shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if:

  • it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity; and
  • the cost of the item can be measured reliably. (IAS 16.7)

Investment property

Certain properties which are used on rental are classified as an investment property in which case IAS 40 Investment property will apply. Only tangible items which have a useful life of more than one period are classified as property, plant and equipment as per IAS 16. But refer to the words “more than one period” as more than one accounting period of 12 months.

Also, an entity shall determine a threshold limit commensurate to its size for recognizing a tangible item as property, plant and equipment. For example, a tangible item of insignificant amount although satisfying the definition of property, plant and equipment may be expensed.

Initial recognition of indirect costs

Items of property, plant and equipment may be acquired for safety or environmental reasons. The acquisition of such property plant and equipment, although not directly increasing the future economic benefits of any particular existing item of property, plant and equipment, may be necessary for an entity to obtain the future economic benefits from its other assets.

Such items of property plant and equipment qualify for recognition as assets because they enable an entity to derive future economic benefits from related assets in excess of what could be derived had those items not been acquired.

Subsequent recognition of indirect costs

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Acquisitions and mergers as per IFRS 3

Acquisitions and mergers

Acquisitions and mergers are becoming more and more common as entities aim to achieve their growth objectives. IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ contains the requirements for these transactions, which are challenging in practice.

This narrative sets out how an entity should determine if the transaction is a business combination, and whether it is within the scope of IFRS 3.

Identifying a business combination

IFRS 3 refers to a ‘business combination’ rather than more commonly used phrases such as takeover, acquisition or Acquisitions and mergersmerger because the objective is to encompass all the transactions in which an acquirer obtains control over an acquiree no matter how the transaction is structured. A business combination is defined as a transaction or other event in which an acquirer (an investor entity) obtains control of one or more businesses.

An entity’s purchase of a controlling interest in another unrelated operating entity will usually be a business combination (see case below).

Case – Straightforward business combination

Entity T is a clothing manufacturer and has traded for a number of years. Entity T is deemed to be a business.

On 1 January 2020, Entity A pays CU 2,000 to acquire 100% of the ordinary voting shares of Entity T. No other type of shares has been issued by Entity T. On the same day, the three main executive directors of Entity A take on the same roles in Entity T.

Consider this…..

Entity A obtains control on 1 January 2020 by acquiring 100% of the voting rights. As Entity T is a business, this is a business combination in accordance with IFRS 3.

However, a business combination may be structured, and an entity may obtain control of that structure, in a variety of ways.

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IAS 36 How Impairment test

IAS 36 How Impairment test is all about this – When looking at the step-by-step IAS 36 impairment approach it comes down to the following broadly organised steps: IAS 36 How Impairment test

  • What?? – Determining the scope and structure of the impairment review, explained here,
  • If and when? – Determining if and when a quantitative impairment test is necessary, explained here,
  • IAS 36 How Impairment test or understanding the mechanics of the impairment test and how to recognise or reverse any impairment loss, if necessary. Which is explained in this section…

The objective of IAS 36 Impairment of assets is to outline the procedures that an entity applies to ensure that its assets’ carrying values are not … Read more

Case value intangibles in business combinations

Case value intangibles in business combinations provides a comprehensive business case of valuation of an of a regional provider of professional services, ProfServCo. The following intangible assets were identified as of the date of the combination:

  1. Trade name Case value intangibles in business combinations
  2. Service concession number Case value intangibles
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Complete detection of all IFRS 3 intangibles

Complete detection of all IFRS 3 intangibles explains it all, because detecting intangible assets can be a complex and challenging matter. Strategies to detect identifiable intangible assets vary depending on the facts and circumstances of the business combination and usually require a full review of the transaction. It is important to understand the business of the acquiree, what intangible resources it depends on and how these may translate into identifiable intangible assets. It should be possible to explain the acquired business in terms of the resources it uses to generate profits and how these are reflected in the acquiree’s assets and liabilities. In other words ask the question: what has been paid for?

Use the business case and transaction case … Read more

Calculating the value of an acquisition – How 2 complete it best

Calculating the value of an – This is a detailed example of calculating the fair value of an Read more

Fair Value of Tangible Assets

Fair Value of Tangible Assets – In the event of Business Combinations tangible assets (current – non-current) are best valued with the market or income approaches. If adequate data are not available to derive an indication of value through these methods, an appraiser may use the replacement cost method, which adjusts the original cost for changes in the price level to determine its current replacement cost. The current replacement cost is then adjusted due to physical use or functional obsolescence.Cash-generating unit (CGU) Cash-generating unit (CGU)

Property, Plant and Equipment (PP&E) must be recognized at fair value for current capacity. Accumulated depreciation is not carried forward. An appraiser may use the cost approach, in which a market participant would pay no more for an asset … Read more

Adjusted net asset method

Adjusted net asset methodThe adjusted net asset method is used to value a business based on the difference between the fair market value of the business assets and its liabilities. Depending on the particular purpose or circumstances underlying the valuation, this method sometimes uses the replacement or liquidation value of the company assets less the liabilities.

Under this method, the analyst adjusts the book value of the assets to fair market value (generally measured as replacement value or liquidation value) and then reduces the total adjusted value of assets by the fair market value of all recorded and unrecorded liabilities. Both tangible and identifiable intangible assets are valued in determining total adjusted net assets.

If the analyst will be relying on other professional … Read more

Operating leases in IFRS 3 Business Combinations

Operating leases in IFRS 3 Business Combinations

If the acquired company (target company) in a business combination under IFRS reporting is a party to lease contracts at the date of , the acquirer needs to record these leases as part of Read more