IFRS 15 Real estate Revenue complete and accurate recognition

IFRS 15 Real estate

Under IFRS 15 real estate entities recognize revenue over the construction period if certain conditions are met.

Key points

  • An entity must judge whether the different elements of a contract can be separated from each other based on the distinct criteria. A more complex judgment exists for real estate developers that provide services or deliver common properties or amenities in addition to the property being sold.
  • Contract modifications are common in the real estate development industry. Contract modifications might needIFRS 15 Real estate to be accounted for as a new contract, or combined and accounted for together with an existing contract.
  • Real estate managers may structure their arrangements such that services and fees are in different contracts. These contracts may meet the requirements to be accounted for as a combined contract when applying IFRS 15.
  • Real estate management entities are often entitled to several different fees. IFRS 15 will require a manager to consider whether the services should be viewed as a single performance obligation, or whether some of these services are ‘distinct’ and should therefore be treated as separate performance obligations.
  • Variable consideration for entities in the real estate industry may come in the form of claims, awards and incentive payments, discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, performance bonuses, penalties or other similar items.
  • Real estate developers will need to consider whether they meet any of the three criteria necessary for recognition of revenue over time.

IFRS 15 core principle

The core principle of IFRS 15 is that revenue reflects the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

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Arrangements where the identification criteria are not met under IFRS 15

Arrangements where the identification criteria are not met An arrangement is not accounted for using the five contract identification criteria until all of the criteria are met. Management will need to reassess the arrangement at each reporting period to determine if the criteria are met. Arrangements where the identification criteria are not met If the criteria for contract identification are not met, then the contract does not exist for the purpose of applying the general model of the standard, and any consideration received from the customer is generally recognised as a deposit (liability). The liability is recorded as revenue from the customer when one of the following criteria is met (IFRS 15 15): the entity has no remaining obligations to … Read more

Repurchase agreements in IFRS 15

Repurchase agreements in IFRS 15

INTRO Repurchase agreements in IFRS 15 – An entity has executed a repurchase agreement if it sells an asset to a customer and promises, or has the option, to repurchase it. If the repurchase agreement meets the definition of a financial instrument, then it is outside the scope of IFRS 15. If not, then the repurchase agreement is in the scope of IFRS 15 and the accounting for it depends on its type – e.g. a forward, call option, or put option – and on the repurchase price.

A forward or a call option

If an entity has an obligation (a forward) or a right (a call option) to repurchase an asset, then a customer does not have control of the asset. This is because the customer is limited in its ability to direct the use of, and obtain the benefits from, the asset despite its physical possession. If the entity expects to repurchase the asset for less than its original sales price, then it accounts for the entire agreement as a lease. [IFRS 15.B66–B67]

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Sales and Usage based royalties

Sales and Usage based royalties – IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (contents page is here) introduced a single and comprehensive framework which sets out how much revenue is to be recognised, and when. Sales and Usage based royalties The core principle is that a vendor should recognise revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the vendor expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. See a summary of IFRS 15 here. Sales and Usage based royalties This section is part of step 3 determining the transaction price. When an entity earns royalties based on the extent to which a customer uses … Read more

Right of return – How 2 best account it

Right of return – IFRS 15 notes that, in some contracts, an entity may transfer control of a product to a customer, but grant the customer the right to return. In return, the customer may receive a full or partial refund of any consideration paid; a credit that can be applied against amounts owed, or that will be owed, to the entity; another product in exchange; or any combination thereof [IFRS15 B20]. IFRS 15 B22 states that a right of return does not represent a separate performance obligation. Instead, a right of return affects the transaction price and the amount of revenue an entity can recognise for satisfied performance obligations. In other words, rights of return create variability in the … Read more

Realisation principle in 2 Principles and 2 Best Read Cases

The realisation principle is the concept that revenue can only be recognised once the underlying goods or services are delivered.

Revenue Income Contract Customer?

Revenue Income Contract Customer? is about IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’. What is revenue?, What is a contract?, and what is a customer? Here are some of the explanations…… What is revenue? Revenue has stepped reasoning with regards to the definition of revenue. Revenue is defined as ‘Income arising in the course of an entity’s ordinary activities’. It is something but not the end, income on its own is defined as ‘Increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in an increase in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants’. Income has been defined in the Conceptual Framework for Financial … Read more

Reassessment of the five identification criteria IFRS 15

Reassessment of the five identification criteria IFRS 15 – IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (contents page is here) introduced a single and comprehensive framework which sets out how much revenue is to be recognised, and when. The core principle is that a vendor should recognise revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the vendor expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. See a summary of IFRS 15 here. Reassessment of the five identification criteria IFRS 15 A reassessment of the five identification criteria IFRS 15 is only necessary when concerns arise from a change in facts and circumstances that is … Read more

Satisfaction of performance obligations

Satisfaction of performance obligations – An entity recognises revenue only when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a promised good or service to the customer. Control of an asset refers to the ability of the customer to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the cash inflows, or the reduction of cash outflows, generated by the goods or services. Control also means the ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and receiving the benefit from, a good or service. Satisfaction of performance obligations The standard indicates that an entity must determine at contract inception whether it will transfer control of a promised good or service over time. If an entity does not … Read more